LUA rules run within the same environment as described in DNS Modes of Operation.
The Lua snippets can query the following variables:
who¶IP address of requesting resolver
ecswho¶The EDNS Client Subnet, should one have been set on the query. Unset otherwise.
bestwho¶In absence of ECS, this is set to the IP address of requesting resolver. Otherwise set to the network part of the EDNS Client Subnet supplied by the resolver.
ifportup(portnum, addresses[, options])¶Simplistic test to see if an IP address listens on a certain port. This will
attempt a TCP connection on port portnum and consider it UP if the
connection establishes, no data will be sent or read on that connection. Note
that both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses can be tested, but that it is an error to
list IPv4 addresses on an AAAA record, or IPv6 addresses on an A record.
Will return a single IP address from the set of available IP addresses. If no IP address is available, will return a random element of the set of addresses supplied for testing.
| Parameters: |
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Various options can be set in the options parameter:
selector: used to pick the IP address from list of viable candidates. Choices include ‘pickclosest’, ‘random’, ‘hashed’, ‘all’ (default to ‘random’).backupSelector: used to pick the IP address from list of all candidates if all addresses are down. Choices include ‘pickclosest’, ‘random’, ‘hashed’, ‘all’ (default to ‘random’).source: Source IP address to check fromifurlup(url, addresses[, options])¶More sophisticated test that attempts an actual http(s) connection to
url. In addition, multiple groups of IP addresses can be supplied. The
first set with a working (available) IP address is used. URL is considered up if
HTTP response code is 200 and optionally if the content matches stringmatch
option.
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Various options can be set in the options parameter:
selector: used to pick the IP address from list of viable candidates. Choices include ‘pickclosest’, ‘random’, ‘hashed’, ‘all’ (default to ‘random’).backupSelector: used to pick the IP address from list of all candidates if all addresses are down. Choices include ‘pickclosest’, ‘random’, ‘hashed’, ‘all’ (default to ‘random’).source: Source IP address to check fromstringmatch: check url for this string, only declare ‘up’ if foundAn example of IP address sets:
ifurlup("example.com", { {"192.0.2.20", "203.0.113.4"}, {"203.0.113.2"} })
pickrandom(addresses)¶Returns a random IP address from the list supplied.
| Parameters: | addresses – A list of strings with the possible IP addresses. |
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pickclosest(addresses)¶Returns IP address deemed closest to the bestwho IP address.
| Parameters: | addresses – A list of strings with the possible IP addresses. |
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latlon()¶Returns text listing fractional latitude/longitude associated with the bestwho IP address.
latlonloc()¶Returns text in LOC record format listing latitude/longitude associated with the bestwho IP address.
closestMagic()¶Suitable for use as a wildcard LUA A record. Will parse the query name which should be in format:
192-0-2-1.192-0-2-2.198-51-100-1.magic.v4.powerdns.org
It will then resolve to an A record with the IP address closest to bestwho from the list
of supplied addresses.
In the magic.v4.powerdns.org this looks like:
*.magic.v4.powerdns.org IN LUA A "closestMagic()"
In another zone, a record is then present like this:
www-balanced.powerdns.org IN CNAME 192-0-2-1.192-0-2-2.198-51-100-1.magic.v4.powerdns.org
This effectively opens up your server to being a ‘geographical load balancer as a service’.
Performs no uptime checking.
view(pairs)¶Shorthand function to implement ‘views’ for all record types.
| Parameters: | pairs – A list of netmask/result pairs. |
|---|
An example:
view.v4.powerdns.org IN LUA A ("view({ "
"{ {'192.168.0.0/16'}, {'192.168.1.54'}},"
"{ {'0.0.0.0/0'}, {'192.0.2.1'}} "
" }) " )
This will return IP address 192.168.1.54 for queries coming from 192.168.0.0/16, and 192.0.2.1 for all other queries.
This function also works for CNAME or TXT records.
pickwhashed(weightparams)¶Based on the hash of bestwho, returns an IP address from the list
supplied, as weighted by the various weight parameters.
Performs no uptime checking.
| Parameters: | weightparams – table of weight, IP addresses. |
|---|
Because of the hash, the same client keeps getting the same answer, but given sufficient clients, the load is still spread according to the weight factors.
An example:
mydomain.example.com IN LUA A ("pickwhashed({ "
" {15, "192.0.2.1"}, "
" {100, "198.51.100.5"} "
"}) ")
pickwrandom(weightparams)¶Returns a random IP address from the list supplied, as weighted by the
various weight parameters. Performs no uptime checking.
| Parameters: | weightparams – table of weight, IP addresses. |
|---|
See pickwhashed() for an example.
Warning
The reverse DNS functions are under active development. They may not be safe for production use. The syntax of these functions may change at any time.
createReverse(format)¶Used for generating default hostnames from IPv4 wildcard reverse DNS records, e.g. *.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
See createReverse6() for IPv6 records (ip6.arpa)
See createForward() for creating the A records on a wildcard record such as *.static.example.com
Returns a formatted hostname based on the format string passed.
| Parameters: | format – A hostname string to format, for example %1%.%2%.%3%.%4%.static.example.com. |
|---|
Formatting options:
%1%to%4%are individual octets
- Example record query:
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa%1%= 127%2%= 0%3%= 0%4%= 1
%5%joins the four decimal octets together with dashes
- Example:
%5%.static.example.comis equivalent to%1%-%2%-%3%-%4%.static.example.com
%6%converts each octet from decimal to hexadecimal and joins them together
- Example: A query for
15.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa%6would be7f00000f(127 is 7f, and 15 is 0f in hexadecimal)
NOTE: At the current time, only forward dotted format works with createForward() (i.e. 127.0.0.1.static.example.com)
Example records:
*.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa IN LUA PTR "createReverse('%1%.%2%.%3%.%4%.static.example.com')"
*.1.0.127.in-addr.arpa IN LUA PTR "createReverse('%5%.static.example.com')"
*.2.0.127.in-addr.arpa IN LUA PTR "createReverse('%6%.static.example.com')"
When queried:
# -x is syntactic sugar to request the PTR record for an IPv4/v6 address such as 127.0.0.5
# Equivalent to dig PTR 5.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
$ dig +short -x 127.0.0.5 @ns1.example.com
127.0.0.5.static.example.com.
$ dig +short -x 127.0.1.5 @ns1.example.com
127-0-0-5.static.example.com.
$ dig +short -x 127.0.2.5 @ns1.example.com
7f000205.static.example.com.
createForward()¶Used to generate the reverse DNS domains made from createReverse()
Generates an A record for a dotted or hexadecimal IPv4 domain (e.g. 127.0.0.1.static.example.com)
It does not take any parameters, it simply interprets the zone record to find the IP address.
An example record for zone static.example.com:
*.static.example.com IN LUA A "createForward()"
NOTE: At the current time, only forward dotted format works for this function (i.e. 127.0.0.1.static.example.com)
When queried:
$ dig +short A 127.0.0.5.static.example.com @ns1.example.com
127.0.0.5
createReverse6(format)¶Used for generating default hostnames from IPv6 wildcard reverse DNS records, e.g. *.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
For simplicity purposes, only small sections of IPv6 rDNS domains are used in most parts of this guide, as a full ip6.arpa record is around 80 characters long
See createReverse() for IPv4 records (in-addr.arpa)
See createForward6() for creating the AAAA records on a wildcard record such as *.static.example.com
Returns a formatted hostname based on the format string passed.
| Parameters: | format – A hostname string to format, for example %33%.static6.example.com. |
|---|
Formatting options:
%1%to%32%are individual characters (nibbles)
- Example PTR record query:
a.0.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa%1%= 2%2%= 0%3%= 0%4%= 1%33%converts the compressed address format into a dashed format, e.g.2001:a::1to2001-a--1
%34%to%41%represent the 8 uncompressed 2-byte chunks
- Example: PTR query for
2001:a:b::123%34%- returns2001(chunk 1)%35%- returns000a(chunk 2)%41%- returns0123(chunk 8)
NOTE: At the current time, only dashed compressed format works for this function (i.e. 2001-a-b--1.static6.example.com)
Example records:
*.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa IN LUA PTR "createReverse('%33%.static6.example.com')"
*.2.0.0.2.ip6.arpa IN LUA PTR "createReverse('%34%.%35%.static6.example.com')"
When queried:
# -x is syntactic sugar to request the PTR record for an IPv4/v6 address such as 2001::1
# Equivalent to dig PTR 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.b.0.0.0.a.0.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
# readable version: 1.0.0.0 .0.0.0.0 .0.0.0.0 .0.0.0.0 .0.0.0.0 .b.0.0.0 .a.0.0.0 .1.0.0.2 .ip6.arpa
$ dig +short -x 2001:a:b::1 @ns1.example.com
2001-a-b--1.static6.example.com.
$ dig +short -x 2002:a:b::1 @ns1.example.com
2002.000a.static6.example.com
createForward6()¶Used to generate the reverse DNS domains made from createReverse6()
Generates an AAAA record for a dashed compressed IPv6 domain (e.g. 2001-a-b--1.static6.example.com)
It does not take any parameters, it simply interprets the zone record to find the IP address.
An example record for zone static.example.com:
*.static6.example.com IN LUA AAAA "createForward6()"
NOTE: At the current time, only dashed compressed format works for this function (i.e. 2001-a-b--1.static6.example.com)
When queried:
$ dig +short AAAA 2001-a-b--1.static6.example.com @ns1.example.com
2001:a:b::1
asnum(number)¶asnum(numbers)Returns true if the bestwho IP address is determined to be from
any of the listed AS numbers.
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country(country)¶country(countries)Returns true if the bestwho IP address of the client is within the
two letter ISO country code passed, as described in GeoIP backend.
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continent(continent)¶continent(continents)Returns true if the bestwho IP address of the client is within the
continent passed, as described in GeoIP backend.
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netmask(netmasks)¶Returns true if bestwho is within any of the listed subnets.
| Parameters: | netmasks ([string]) – The list of IP addresses to check against |
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